Potential measurements in drill holes for identifying ores     

Dr. Wolfram Bitterlich  Hans Wöbking 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1971,20(4):397-407

  相似文献   

A geophysical study of the northern Svalbard continental margin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wolfram H. Geissler  Wilfried Jokat 《Geophysical Journal International》2004,158(1):50-66

  相似文献   

Isotopic and hydrochemical studies of groundwater flow and salinity in the Southern Upper Rhine Graben     

Michael Bauer  Lorenz Eichinger  Philippe Elsass  Wolfram Kloppmann  Gunther Wirsing 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2005,94(4):565-579

In order to determine the origin and the propagation mechanisms of highly concentrated chloride brines within the Quaternary aquifer system in the southern part of the Upper Rhine Graben, a combined isotope (H, O, C) and hydrochemical analysis was carried out. Groundwater recharge in this area is a complex system, consisting of local precipitation, river bank filtration, lateral flow from the Graben borders and, to a minor extent, an old Pleistocene component. In some areas, groundwater consists of up to 90% of recent bank filtrate, reaching depths down to at least 100 m. The isotopic and hydrochemical results show, that the elevated chloride concentrations in the Quaternary aquifer mainly result from leaky settling basins charged by the French potash mines until the mid 1970s. Input of natural brines coming from tertiary salt diapirs is of only minor importance. While infiltrating, the anthropogenic brines were strongly diluted by local river bank filtrate of the Rhine. Nevertheless, maximum chloride concentrations nowadays still reach some 10,000 mg/l at the base of the aquifer at a depth of more than 100 m below surface. The main volume of the brines is stored in the less permeable lower part of the quaternary sediments (Breisgau-Formation) whereas only a minor part is transported northwards with the rapid convective groundwater flow. Brines undergoing only dilution preserve their hydrochemical characteristics (NaCl-type). In contrast, brines recirculated from the Breisgau-Formation show a northwards increasing alteration through ion exchange processes. Potassium and sodium may be fixed in the fine grained aquifer material while calcium is set free into the groundwater. After a flow distance of about 12 km, complex hydraulic interactions between groundwater and surface waters lead to the rise of strongly diluted and hydrochemically altered brines with chloride contents up to maximum 700 mg/l. The presented case study is an example for a detailed analysis of a multi-component groundwater mixing system using combined isotope and hydrochemical methods. Furthermore, cation exchange is shown as a major process affecting the hydrochemical evolution of the young groundwater in the southern Upper Rhine Graben which is locally strongly polluted by chloride as a consequence of former potash mining.  相似文献   

Die Feldspate des Granites von Eisenkappel (Kärnten) und seines Randporphyres     

Wolfram Richter 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1966,11(3-4):439-458

Zusammenfassung Der Eisenkappeler Granit und sein Randporphyr wurden mineralogisch und petrographisch untersucht. Der Randporphyr und auch Übergangszonen zum Kerngranit zeigen eine Ummantelung der Alkalifeldspate mit Plagioklas-Rapakivi Textur. Genaue analytische Untersuchungen an, Alkalifeldspateinkristallen und den dazugehörigen Plagioklashüllen (bzw. den in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft befindlichen Plagioklasen bei Proben des Kerngranits) ergaben folgende Einzelheiten: Die Alkalifeldspate sind Mikroklinperthite mit einer durchschnittlichen Triklinität von =0,50. Der Ab-Gehalt ist hoch (Kerngranit um Ab=31%, Randporphyr um Ab=38%), ebenso der An-Gehalt (durchschnittlich 3,5%). Die Plagioklase sind Oligoklase (Kerngranit um An=28%, Randporphyr um An=22%) mit einem extrem hohen Or-Gehalt (Or=4,2% bis 7,0%) und teilweise antiperthitisch entmischt. Die Zusammensetzung der Feldspate läßt auf relativ hohe Bildungstemperaturen und entsprechend niedrige Wasserdampfdrucke schließen. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse und die Entstehung der Rapakivi Textur werden diskutiert.

---

Summary The granite of Eisenkappel and its marginal porphyry (Carinthia) have been investigated. The latter as well as gradations toward the central granite have alkalifeldspars manteled with plagioclase (rapakivi texture). The phenocrysts of the alkalifeldspars and their plagioclase rims and the phenocrysts of alkalifeldspar and neighbouring plagioclases in case of the central granite show the following attitudes: The alkalifeldspar are microcline perthites with an abliquity =0,50; From the central granite to the marginal porphyry the Abcontent of the alkalifeldspar increases from Ab=31–38 wight percent. The An-content is 3,5%. The An-content of the plagioclase drops in the same direction (An=28–22%). They exhibit a high Or-content (Or=4,2–7%) which is partly unmixed to antiperthite. The composition of the feldspars reflects a rather high temperature of formation and corresponding low water vapor pressure. The results and the origin of the rapakivi texture are discussed.

---

---

Mit 6 Textabbildungen

---

Herrn Prof. Dr.H. Leitmeier zum 80. Geburistag gewidmet.  相似文献   

Determination of the uncertainties of the German emission inventories for particulate matter and aerosol precursors using Monte-Carlo analysis     

Wolfram Joerss 《Climatic change》2014,124(3):605-616

This paper presents the application of a Monte-Carlo simulation for assessing the uncertainties of German 2005 emissions of particulate matter (PM₁₀ & PM_2.5) and aerosol precursors (SO₂, NO_x, NH₃ and NMVOC) carried out in the PAREST (PArticle REduction STrategies) research project. For the uncertainty analysis the German Federal Environment Agency’s emission inventory was amended and integrated with a model on the disaggregation of energy balance data. A series of algorithms was developed in order to make efficient and pragmatic use of available literature and expert judgement data for uncertainties of emission model input data. The inventories for PM₁₀ (95 %-confidence interval: ?16 %/+23 %), PM_2.5 (?15 %/+19 %) and NO_x (?10 %/+23 %) appear most uncertain, while the inventories for SO₂ (?9 %/+9 %), NMVOC (?10 %/+12 %) and NH₃ (?13 %/+13 %) show a higher accuracy. The source categories adding the most relevant contributions to overall uncertainty vary across the pollutants and comprise agriculture, mobile machinery in agriculture and forestry, construction sites, small businesses/carpentries, cigarette smoke and fireworks, road traffic, solvent use and stationary combustion. The PAREST results on relative uncertainties have been quoted in the German Informative Inventory Reports since 2012. A comparison shows that the PAREST results for Germany are within the range of (for NH₃: close below) other European countries’ results on air pollutant inventory uncertainties as reported in the 2013 Informative Inventory Reports.  相似文献   

Coronal holes and icosahedral symmetry     

Wolfram Neutsch  Horst Fichtner 《Solar physics》1988,115(1):161-169

A new type of coordinates suitable to describe mass outflow out of coronal holes assuming symmetry under the icosahedral group is introduced.  相似文献   

Analysing large-scale structure – I. Weighted scaling indices and constrained randomization     

Christoph Räth  Wolfram Bunk  Markus B. Huber  Gregor E. Morfill  Jörg Retzlaff  Peter Schuecker 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2002,337(2):413-421

  相似文献   

Active Galaxies in the UV     

Wolfram Kollatschny  Wang Ting-Gui 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2006,303(1-4):123-132

In this article we present different aspects of AGN studies demonstrating the importance of the UV spectral range. Most important diagnostic lines for studying the general physical conditions as well as the metalicities in the central broad line region in AGN are emitted in the UV. The UV/FUV continuum in AGN excites not only the emission lines in the immediate surrounding but it is responsible for the ionization of the intergalactic medium in the early stages of the universe. Variability studies of the emission line profiles of AGN in the UV give us information on the structure and kinematics of the immediate surrounding of the central supermassive black hole as well as on its mass itself.  相似文献   

Problems associated with extrapolating ecological traits to higher-than-species level exemplified in the description of the larvae of Potamophylax haidukorum Malicky, 1999, Potamophylax winneguthi (Klapálek, 1902) and Melampophylax austriacus Malicky, 1990     

Johann Waringer  Wolfram Graf  Hans Malicky 《Limnologica》2013,43(6):441-450

Functional diversity, e.g. based on feeding types, is frequently used for assessment procedures. By using Trichoptera genera Potamophylax and Melampophylax as examples, we demonstrate that functional diversity, based on mandible morphology, is low in the former, but high in the latter. When using functional feeding types for assessment procedures, this strictly questions identification at higher than species level and underlines the importance of providing taxonomic information by describing hitherto unknown larvae.Based on mandible morphology, the close species pair Potamophylax haidukorum and P. winneguthi, both endemics of the Dinaric Western Balkan, are omnivorous shredders, a character shared with all other known larvae of genus Potamophylax. In existing keys, P. haidukorum and P. winneguthi may be separated from morphologically close species (e.g. Allogamus spp., Micropterna spp., Potamophylax spp., Leptotaulius gracilis Schmid and Parachiona picicornis (Pictet)) by the lack of a large posterior sclerite at the lateral protuberance, by the lack of additional face setae at mid and hind femora, by the absence of numerous black spines at the pronotal surface and by the shape of metanotal sclerites. Melampophylax austriacus, an endemic of the Eastern Alps, has spoon-shaped scraper mandibles lacking teeth. This character is shared with M. mucoreus (Hagen) and M. nepos (McLachlan), whereas in M. melampus (McLachlan) teeth are present at the mandibles as it is common for omnivorous shredders. Such intra-generic functional diversity questions trait classifications on higher taxonomic units like genus or family.  相似文献   

The Wells of Pompeii     

Wayne F. Lorenz  Edward J. Wolfram 《Ground water》2014,52(5):808-811

  相似文献